Napoleon III had decided to liberalize his empire in 1860, and to give a greater voice to the parliament and to the opposition. The rue de Rivoli was completed, and the new hotel opened in March 1855, in time to welcome guests to the Exposition. In 1852 Paris had 142 kilometers of sewers, which could carry only liquid waste. Containers of solid waste were picked up each night by people called Haussmann and Belgrand built new sewer tunnels under each sidewalk of the new boulevards. p. 134Letter written by owners from the neighbourhood of the Pantheon to prefect Berger in 1850, quoted in the Boulevard Haussmann este un bulevard din Paris, care se întinde de la intersecția dintre boulevard des Italiens și boulevard Montmartre (unde se află stația de metrou Richelieu-Drouot) până la avenue de Friedland, care se prelungește către vest. A kiosk for a street merchant on Square des Arts et Metiers (1865). The Boulevard Lefebvre is a boulevard in the Saint-Lambert quarter in the 15th arrondissement of Paris, France. Thousands of families and businesses had to relocate when their buildings were demolished for the construction of the new boulevards. Ein Boulevard [bulvaʁ] (anhören? Haussmann was also blamed for the dramatic increase in rents, which increased by three hundred percent during the Second Empire, while wages, except for those of construction workers, remained flat, and blamed for the enormous amount of speculation in the real estate market. 108 boulevard Sérurier, Paris 8 April 2017.jpg 5,472 × 3,648; 9.56 MB The upper floors were occupied by families; the top floor, under the roof, was originally a storage place, but under the pressure of the growing population, was usually turned into a low-cost residence.In Haussmann's Paris, the streets became much wider, growing from an average of twelve meters wide to twenty-four meters, and in the new arrondissements, often to eighteen meters wide. In 1865 a survey by the prefecture of Paris showed that 780,000 Parisians, or 42 percent of the population, did not pay taxes due to their low income. In the first phase of his renovation Haussmann constructed 9,467 metres (6 miles) of new boulevards, at a net cost of 278 million francs. Haussmann forced them to consolidate into a single company, the Haussmann's renovation of Paris had many critics during his own time.

It is one of the Boulevards of the Marshals, which run in the outer parts of the city. Ankara also has a lot of boulevards. Haussmann wrote in his mémoires: "The underground galleries are an organ of the great city, functioning like an organ of the human body, without seeing the light of day; clean and fresh water, light and heat circulate like the various fluids whose movement and maintenance serves the life of the body; the secretions are taken away mysteriously and don't disturb the good functioning of the city and without spoiling its beautiful exterior. 166 emergency telephones are found every 500 metres along the boulevard (every 250 metres underground) which relay 7,000 calls per year. Boulevards are representative places in cities situated near big rivers and usually parts of their centres, for example in One of the most famous boulevards in Poland is the street named Wały Chrobrego (former German name: Hakenterrasse) in Some tourist towns and villages are known among others for their boulevards and There are also many boulevards by lakes and small rivers, mainly in harbours areas, as in Green boulevards of that period were terminated with corner hotel and shop buildings, most of them eventually demolished to make way for street traffic.


The French historian The 20th century historian of Paris René Héron de Villefosse shared the same view of Haussmann's renovation: "in less than twenty years, Paris lost its ancestral appearance, its character which passed from generation to generation... the picturesque and charming ambiance which our fathers had passed onto us was demolished, often without good reason." Prior to Haussmann, Paris buildings usually had wealthier people on the second floor (the "etage noble"), while middle class and lower-income tenants occupied the top floors.
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